The ones that survived will have had more efficient metabolisms, or harder hooves that could break through the ice to get to the food, or could have learned a technique to cope. Hopefully their next generation will retain those traits or that culture to adapt.
Bigger animals have low numbers, larger ranges, less genetic variability, longer reproductive cycles, evolve much slower, and tend to go extinct much more reliably.
I don't think GP's comment shows the lack of understanding of evolution that you're trying to point out: numerous similar events occurring to a range of herds over a period of time is exactly how that would happen isn't it?
Not to say I agree (or not) this particular case would be effective, or that it's fine for man's influence to cause it, or anything. Just I don't think they showed any sign of thinking caribou would suddenly evolve like a Pokémon to have a stronger hoof or something.
Yeah ... animal (and plant, etc.) populations in a stable environment have a lot of random variations that confer no outright distinct advantages over their peers, they are distributed along the normal plane to the current evolutionary gradient. When environments suddenly change, it's not like animal populations rapidly create new random mutations that confer advantages in subsequent generations. Rather, the new conditions make previously existing traits that some animals within the population had and others didn't have more significant to survival, and so those advantageous traits are emphasized in subsequent generations.
After this "evolutionary bottleneck", other new random mutations / variations will occur generations later that might have no seeming immediate advantage / disadvantage to the "new normal", but at some subsequent change in the environment, the cycle of weeding out "bad" traits will happen again.
It creates rich-people dollars and poor-people dollars. The poor people can still afford a buy a few necessities because rich-people money is tied up in useless vain endeavors, at least to some extent. If rich were to direct all their purchasing power toward real goods they could drive up the prices and make it unaffordable for regular people. As happens with the housing market to some extent.
All demand is not created equal. The rich buy more houses than they need for shelter, in order to produce income. This essentially creates an artificial shortage of homes for purchase by actual homeowners. I believe that is what the commenter was referring to.
The more I study that time period, the more I realize how incredibly effed up every decision that those leaders made. They were desperate, I get it, but damn. And then most of the Nazi scum escaped and did their shadowy best to influence world history for many more decades!
Someone will propose privatization of said program with insurance fees covering the reformulated collision-prevention service. Of course, privatization will leave out crucial aspects, lead to failures, increasing untraceable space debris from which nobody will be safe, and eventually bankruptcy of said privatized program, with no way back. As is happening in other parts of government.
Orrrr said privatized thing will start out relatively cheaper than the norm and eventually end up costing way more than what the government was originally spending when it was still part of the government since the private company eventually outpriced everyone with their cheap prices and then when they finally got their monopoly scaled up their prices as much as they feasibly could and then some.
The privatization of this data has always been the plan, IIRC that's why the first Trump administration pulled some of these efforts out of the military
I spent time in the "Rio de la Plata" area in the late 1970s, mainly Montevideo, and learned rioplatense Spanish, and would use the ZH sound as in "meaSure" for Y/LL letters in "playa" and "calle".
In the last 40 years I've spent mostly in the USA I rarely have heard Uruguayan/Argentinian Spanish in person or in media, but was surprised to hear Messi and others in recent interviews use SH as in "puSH" for the Y/LL, this apparent has been a generational shift in that area, first in Argentina and then Uruguay. I'd sound old-fashioned if I were to go back to Montevideo these days.
The Gates company make the Gates Carbon Belt to replace bike chains with a carbon fiber belt (encased in some polymer). My Priority Bicycle 600x has this belt drive, along with matching sprockets and a Pinion C1.12 "transmission", where all gearing/shifting takes place.
To check proper tension, Gates supplies an app [0] that also has you pluck the belt to measure the frequency. For my bike the appropriate tension is at 60Hz. Tension is adjusted by moving the rear axle backward or forward.
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