Every single one of those cases involve integers that necessarily must be signed, in order for the interface to work. They're implementing an interpreted language having signed integers, or in the one other case, with ScaleWindowExtEx, it manipulates values that are signed, and that have meaning when negative. The one place I saw an INT_MIN / -1 bug (in code review, iirc) was also for an interpreted language implementing a modulo operator. These are bugs with signed integer usage, but they're not bugs caused by a decision to use signed integers, because in these cases, there was no choice. They aren't representative of what you see when you do have a choice, say, using signed integers for array indices and sizes.
The question of what bugs you actually see was meant to be a personal one, not one of some dramatic bug you've read about on the internet. The answer of which is the better choice is defined by how much damage is caused by one choice versus the other, and you get that answer by noting how frequently you get bugs in practice as a result of such decisions. (Not that thought experiments and imagination no place, but this is clearly a question for which you can talk yourself into any direction.) For example, I've never had problems with C/C++ undefined behavior of signed integer overflow, while you're spending a lot of time talking about that. I have seen bugs caused by unsigned and signed integer usage that fit into other categories, though.
The question of what bugs you actually see was meant to be a personal one, not one of some dramatic bug you've read about on the internet. The answer of which is the better choice is defined by how much damage is caused by one choice versus the other, and you get that answer by noting how frequently you get bugs in practice as a result of such decisions. (Not that thought experiments and imagination no place, but this is clearly a question for which you can talk yourself into any direction.) For example, I've never had problems with C/C++ undefined behavior of signed integer overflow, while you're spending a lot of time talking about that. I have seen bugs caused by unsigned and signed integer usage that fit into other categories, though.