The term "memory leak" is also sometimes applied, particularly in GC environments, to mean "memory that is still referenced, but will never be used again".
Poorly-thought-out caching is an easy way to do that, especially if the cached values themselves have a chain of references to other values.
With caching I don’t think you can assume any values are sure to never be used again.
Yes, there are some situations where circular references to DOM elements and the like will cause reference count based GC engines to leak memory. But an unbounded cache does not fit that description. It could be poor memory usage but not a memory leak.
Poorly-thought-out caching is an easy way to do that, especially if the cached values themselves have a chain of references to other values.