A cruise line is not going to get "outmaneuvered by a startup using technology which less than 10 year old.

Nor an insurance company.

Nor a bank.

Nor large agrobusiness.

The tech industry is not the only industry that exists in the world. There are many industries where software does not form the basis of competitive advantage. In those cases, IT is not the most efficient use of capital.

Who says the cruise line, insurance company, bank, agrobusiness and so on are going to get outmaneuvered by a startup? They're going to get outmaneuvered by another big company in their line of business with less-stupid IT policies.

Getting these sorts of issues (and bigger ones) right is something big companies call "IT strategy" and they'll often pay consultants real money for it. That's because, done well, IT can be the foundation of significant competitive advantages. Is using a more modern browser going to create an advantage all by itself? Almost certainly not. But the kind of IT organization that can't even handle something that simple is going to struggle mightily with the bigger fish.

Unlikely, as their competitive advantage does not come from IT.

For example, a bank competes on the basis of access to capital (i.e., deposits), which depends primarily on size, location, and interest rates. Given the choice between upgrading their computers and opening a new branch, it is much better to open a new branch.