> None of the database guides I followed had warned me about the dangers of exposing a docker containerized database to the internet.
This is like IT security 101.
> A quick IP search revealed that it was registed with a Chinese ISP and located in the Russian Federation.
Welcome to the Internet. Follow me. Always block China and Russia from any of your services. You are never going to need them and the only thing that can come from them is either a remote attack or unauthorized data sent to them.
Yes, but go further: Are you ever using your home server outside your own country? If the answer is no, block everything but your country. You can remove the vast majority of your attack surface by just understanding where you need to be exposed.
This is like IT security 101.
> A quick IP search revealed that it was registed with a Chinese ISP and located in the Russian Federation.
Welcome to the Internet. Follow me. Always block China and Russia from any of your services. You are never going to need them and the only thing that can come from them is either a remote attack or unauthorized data sent to them.