You could actually use Perl and Python with IE 4 through Windows Script Host if you installed the versions from ActiveState (ActivePerl, ActivePython, and also ActiveTcl), which provided ActiveX scripting engines for those languages. I actually wrote some small Perl browser LAN apps using this for myself. It was a huge security hole in that anyone who install ActivePerl, Python, or Tcl could be rooted if they visited a web page with the appropriate malicious script tag, as these languages provide out-of-the-box support for file manipulation and other potentially dangerous actions.

You could also use the AS distros to write classic, pre-.NET ASP applications. I know of at least one startup that actually did this (ActivePerl + classic ASP + IIS on Windows NT/2000), or at least seemed to based on their job postings.