Uhh, endless recursion doesn't cause your typechecker to run indefinitely; all recursion is sort of "endless" from a type perspective, since the recursion only hits a base case based on values. The problem with non-well-founded recursion like `main = main` is that it prevents you from soundly using types as propositions, since you can trivially inhabit any type.
Given line "loopType : Int -> Type", how can line "loopType x = loopType x" mean anything useful? It should be rejected and ignored as a tautology, leaving loopType undefined or defined by default as a distinct unique value for each int.