The Manusmriti - if you ignore the social aspects of it has a calculation for the age of the universe. The very first chapter has it. I think it computes to about 12 billion years - close to what modern science brings it out to be.
While manu discouraged widow remarrige he advocated for a share of property for a married woman who has an extra-marital affair. The norm the world around at that time was death by stoning.
I don't see why it wouldn't be. Conscious thought is only the tip of the iceberg; even Western thought has a long tradition of noting that Eureka moments come during periods when you are not rationally engaging with the topic. See for example
That is the belief. But deep meditation is elusive. You need to understand the relationship between yourself and your Mantra.
One of the best explanations of Mantras and meditation are by Dr Robert Svoboda (for any audience more familiar with English than Sanskrit/hindi). Granted he trained under an Aghori which isn’t traditionally the path most folks would take. But his explanations are exemplary.