Penrose appears to be written in TypeScript, so my assumption is that it needs a browser.
https://penrose.cs.cmu.edu/docs/ref/using
This is great! I wanted something I could compile (the native code) to WebAssembly for use in a Deno-based SSG, and this looks promising.
So possible rendering point, though I guess falls under browser engine
Penrose appears to be written in TypeScript, so my assumption is that it needs a browser.