> reliance on traditional OO means that only a small subset of business domains naturally map to the language's constructs

You don't have to stick to OO constructs. Java has functional programming support and pattern matching.

> best represented as thousands of threads going off to do independent work and then unifying results

Java has had executor support for a long time now. And if you're talking about IO bound tasks, Java has virtual threads now.

> parse a raw binary stream that had a lot of unsigned ints

Java has `Integer.parseUnsignedInt()` and other similar operations.