I'd say that if a capable scientist like Einstein was given them (assuming they didn't know the rest of the theories), they could build upon them to derive or get to close guesses of large parts of physics. The lines are quite loaded with broad equations that covers very fundamental stuff - including constants and elementary particles.
A few equations being fundamental for big theories built upon them wouldn't be unheard of. Maxwell's equations for example cover several important fields of Physics. Newton's 3 laws cover classical mechanics.
Except the article has a categorical statement: "The 9 lines contain all present knowledge about nature, including all textbook physics and all observations ever made."
Take something simple like "F=ma" which is in lots of textbooks. Nothing in those 9 lines seem to suggest anything that could be used to derive that.
I'm sure a domain expert, who already knows all this stuff, I'm sure they'd be useful as a memory aid to help them trot this stuff out, but do they "contain all present knowledge about nature, ..."? Not so much, if you need a ton of other knowledge to make use of them.
A few equations being fundamental for big theories built upon them wouldn't be unheard of. Maxwell's equations for example cover several important fields of Physics. Newton's 3 laws cover classical mechanics.