thanks for the detailed answer of the differences. The interactive (I assume using CRDT's) is a good feature, jupyter server does not have this and is at a time a bit of a hassle.
Also deploying it directly as an app is pretty sweet.
Livebook actually uses state reducers as described here[1].
Except for cell content. There it uses Operational Transformation.
The source code[2] is really instructional and easy to understand. I highly recommend to look into it :)