I'm not sure if he could read Russian, but in addition to the Snow Queen by Lev Atamanov, Miyazaki frequently cites Soviet animator Yuri Norstein as a major influence, and lists two of his films (Hedgehog in the Fog, and Tale of Tales) as among his favourites of all time.[1] Several of his movies do have shots that seem strongly reminiscent of the Battleship Potemkin so I'd be surprised if that film wasn't an influence as well, although I don't know of a source that states it.

[1] https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/hayao-miyazaki-25-favourite-fil...