From https://peps.python.org/pep-0006/ it seems that 3.10.9 is expected to be compatible with 3.10.8, but users need to treat 3.11.0 like a potentially major rather than minor release. I wish they had labeled it 311.0 to communicate this and set expectations.
PEP 006 describes the way Python versioning has worked since Python was first released. Yes, it's technically not quite the same as current semver, but current semver didn't exist anyway back then.