This studied fourth and fifth graders. However I might add my one irrelevant anecdotal data point from when I was in 10th grade 20 years ago. In an attempt to "cheat" at Chemistry class I wrote a stoichiometry equation balancer with step by step answers on a TI-83. I wrote various solvers for Physics class and Stats class. Working through all the edge cases of these problems helped immensely. Fourth and fifth graders just don't have as many opportunities to apply programming to the real world.
My anecdote: I did my intro aerospace engineering homework on spreadsheets instead of using my HP15C calculator and paper. The spreadsheets helped organize and track errors easily. To no ones surprise except my freshman self, I couldn't replicate the results on tests where I didn't have access to spreadsheet software. Doing things more 'by hand' results in more reinforced learning in my humble opinion. Did not become an aerospace engineer :(
I made some matrix helper functions, and loops through some of the standard stress/strain/failure criteria and so on, with some fully set up problem solvers etc
For tests, I did the hard part, figuring out what matters and what to check, then delegated the math to my calculator. Saved like an hour on a variety of open-textbook tests
If I was better with my calculator in jr high, I could have done a ton with it there too
