I searched in German and Italian about the Swissair, Air Berlin and Alitalia debacles, and I did not find any news articles that said that credit card customers had received their money back.
Come to think of it, there might also be a press release or ad-hoc exchange notice saying "banks had to refund x billions due to visa chargebacks", I could have searched for it, so why not now? I found https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/chargeback_rep... now, which appears to imply that if you win the dispute (should be easy), your chargeback becomes a claim against the bankrupt airline and you'll get something or nothing, depending on how much is left in the airline.
> your chargeback becomes a claim against the bankrupt airline and you'll get something or nothing, depending on how much is left in the airline.
No, you get your money back, and the bank now has a claim against the airline.
I haven't been through this exact scenario in my life, but I've been in plenty of non-delivery situations, however, I can't make a good faith claim that they were flat-out chargebacks, because on all of the cards that I made the purchases with, purchase protection or insurance was a listed benefit, namely on the Amex Platinum.
But there must be a card with similar chargeback benefits that's available to everyone in basically every EU country.
Nevertheless, there are plenty of opportunities to get your money back in such a situation.
Come to think of it, there might also be a press release or ad-hoc exchange notice saying "banks had to refund x billions due to visa chargebacks", I could have searched for it, so why not now? I found https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/chargeback_rep... now, which appears to imply that if you win the dispute (should be easy), your chargeback becomes a claim against the bankrupt airline and you'll get something or nothing, depending on how much is left in the airline.