If you're concerned about your privacy I'd advise against just trying to disable uploading but still giving your photos to apps you don't trust, primarily because of possible future implementation of client-side scanning(they are making steps to mandate that for messengers in the EU atm, for example).
AFAIK android phones upload all sorts of data to google by default, my recommendation is to install a custom ROM (like lineageOS), that will rid you of a lot of these privacy violators without dealing with them individually. If you don't want to do that, avoid google services/apps entirely for anything that you don't trust them with. I'm not familiar with google photos(never used it for (now) obvious reasons), and I don't know what features you need, so I can't really give recommendations on that specifically.
AFAIK android phones upload all sorts of data to google by default, my recommendation is to install a custom ROM (like lineageOS), that will rid you of a lot of these privacy violators without dealing with them individually. If you don't want to do that, avoid google services/apps entirely for anything that you don't trust them with. I'm not familiar with google photos(never used it for (now) obvious reasons), and I don't know what features you need, so I can't really give recommendations on that specifically.