You certainly can. For example, drinking a single beer before going to sleep correlates not with shorter sleep, but much less deep sleep in my case. Just measuring the time asleep would tell me drinking doesn’t affect my sleep at all, which is not true.
Another anecdotal data on the effect of alcohol : I use a Garmin watch constantly, and it measure what they call Body Battery,(https://support.garmin.com/en-US/?faq=VOFJAsiXut9K19k1qEn5W5) which is a proxy for overall energy level, based on Heart Rate Variability and stress levels.
It's not the most scientific and precise measurement, but from my experience is seems to correlate pretty well with actual 'feeling energized and well' or 'feeling tired and out of energy'.
One of the most interesting information I got from it was how drinking alcohol affects my sleep : on a typical day, I go from 100 to 25, and then a night of sleep gets me back to 100.
If I drink even moderately, a night of sleep gets me back to 50 max, and sometimes can even pin down my body battery levels for a few days if it's a long drinking night.
You certainly can. For example, drinking a single beer before going to sleep correlates not with shorter sleep, but much less deep sleep in my case. Just measuring the time asleep would tell me drinking doesn’t affect my sleep at all, which is not true.