I explained more in another comment, but you're right, I had some confusion. The GPL itself makes no such claims, but the FSF does; also, the LGPL directly implies that programs that dynamically link an LGPL library are derived works of that library, but makes an exemption from the normal GPL requirements for such programs.
Further, the FSF draws a distinction between linking (either statically or dynamically, which they believe makes your program a derivative work) and calling through a CLI or over a network (which they believe does not make your program a derivative work, except if the data structures exchanged through the CLI/network are complex enough).
Further, the FSF draws a distinction between linking (either statically or dynamically, which they believe makes your program a derivative work) and calling through a CLI or over a network (which they believe does not make your program a derivative work, except if the data structures exchanged through the CLI/network are complex enough).