Don't tend to use those for development. But I imagine they would end up mounting directories inside the vm. You could get to those via scp or something like that.
The problem tends to be getting inotify to work properly across the boundary. You want to propagate filesystem changes into the VM, in the ideal world. Docker-desktop's got some closed-source wizardry that makes it Just Work, I'm just not sure what's as slick in the open-source ecosystem.