For some papers. Others make a claim about some statistically significant look at data that might not have any basis in reality because the code is wrong. A famous example being the R&R paper in economics where a second look at the showed massive mistakes in the excel document they were using, invalidating the central thesis. Unfortunately not before being used by the world bank for years as a metric for forcing austerity on countries.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_in_a_Time_of_Debt#Alleg...