Oh, but CPU instructions can be built up from a series of μops which are then executed out of order or in an overlapping fashion, making both "instruction" and "state" boundaries in your equation more fuzzy than it looks. So at the absolute-absolute bottom of "code", it is instructions for an abstract model of an interpretative device.
(I'm not sure if your "but" is a retort, or an addendum. Assuming retort...) We can consider one more level of implementation machinery, but I fail to understand how uops aren't another form of instruction, and CPU internal gobbledygook like register files, caches, etc. aren't another form of state. It doesn't seem so fuzzy.
The difference is that you don't get to access the uops machine, subsets/sequences of that instruction set are offered as (macro-)instructions instead. Programming happens on the idea of a CPU.
