Usually possible, with stipulations such as, you are out of regular vacation, many mgmt approvals, and probably some kind of “risk assessment” saying the project you’re on will be fine without you… its rare and not usually part of the “culture” to do so, but ive seen it happen.

The only time I've ever seen that first-hand was a guy who was involved in a non-profit that did disaster relief in Haiti and was gone for a month and a half.

It's certainly possible at some companies. There generally aren't any laws about it. Usually it's left up to managers to approve or deny.