This is not always the case. One example is checked exceptions which are purely Java thing and do not exist in JVM (outside of metadata). That always amused me, it's like a switch to remove checked exceptions from language, you can turn it any time without backward compatibility issues.
Another example is inner classes. Inner class can access private fields of outer class in Java. But in JVM there's no inner class concept, so compiler generates synthetic accessors for outer class private fields and inner class uses those methods to access private fields. That was fixed recently, though, but it was the case for many decades.
Also I remember some funny bytecode with try-finally, I think it's implemented with gotos.
Of course Kotlin generates a lot more boilerplate, that's for sure.