While evidence is emerging, there are ongoing primate and human studies that suggest there is benefit to caloric restriction. This recent review is a good overview of current evidence, studies, and mechanisms:
Balasubramanian, Priya, Porsha R. Howell, and Rozalyn M. Anderson. “Aging and Caloric Restriction Research: A Biological Perspective With Translational Potential.” EBioMedicine 21 (June 19, 2017): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.015.
For primates, this is a good review:
Mattison, Julie A., Ricki J. Colman, T. Mark Beasley, David B. Allison, Joseph W. Kemnitz, George S. Roth, Donald K. Ingram, Richard Weindruch, Rafael de Cabo, and Rozalyn M. Anderson. “Caloric Restriction Improves Health and Survival of Rhesus Monkeys.” Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 14063. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14063.
Abstract: Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan and delays the onset of age-related disorders in most species but its impact in nonhuman primates has been controversial. In the late 1980s two parallel studies were initiated to determine the effect of CR in rhesus monkeys. The University of Wisconsin study reported a significant positive impact of CR on survival, but the National Institute on Aging study detected no significant survival effect. Here we present a direct comparison of longitudinal data from both studies including survival, bodyweight, food intake, fasting glucose levels and age-related morbidity. We describe differences in study design that could contribute to differences in outcomes, and we report species specificity in the impact of CR in terms of optimal onset and diet. Taken together these data confirm that health benefits of CR are conserved in monkeys and suggest that CR mechanisms are likely translatable to human health.
For human studies, here's a recent one:
Redman, Leanne M., Steven R. Smith, Jeffrey H. Burton, Corby K. Martin, Dora Il’yasova, and Eric Ravussin. “Metabolic Slowing and Reduced Oxidative Damage with Sustained Caloric Restriction Support the Rate of Living and Oxidative Damage Theories of Aging.” Cell Metabolism 27, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 805-815.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.019.
"Findings from this 2-year CR trial in healthy, non-obese humans provide new evidence of persistent metabolic slowing accompanied by reduced oxidative stress, which supports the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of mammalian aging."
Balasubramanian, Priya, Porsha R. Howell, and Rozalyn M. Anderson. “Aging and Caloric Restriction Research: A Biological Perspective With Translational Potential.” EBioMedicine 21 (June 19, 2017): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.015.
For primates, this is a good review:
Mattison, Julie A., Ricki J. Colman, T. Mark Beasley, David B. Allison, Joseph W. Kemnitz, George S. Roth, Donald K. Ingram, Richard Weindruch, Rafael de Cabo, and Rozalyn M. Anderson. “Caloric Restriction Improves Health and Survival of Rhesus Monkeys.” Nature Communications 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2017): 14063. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14063.
Abstract: Caloric restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan and delays the onset of age-related disorders in most species but its impact in nonhuman primates has been controversial. In the late 1980s two parallel studies were initiated to determine the effect of CR in rhesus monkeys. The University of Wisconsin study reported a significant positive impact of CR on survival, but the National Institute on Aging study detected no significant survival effect. Here we present a direct comparison of longitudinal data from both studies including survival, bodyweight, food intake, fasting glucose levels and age-related morbidity. We describe differences in study design that could contribute to differences in outcomes, and we report species specificity in the impact of CR in terms of optimal onset and diet. Taken together these data confirm that health benefits of CR are conserved in monkeys and suggest that CR mechanisms are likely translatable to human health.
For human studies, here's a recent one:
Redman, Leanne M., Steven R. Smith, Jeffrey H. Burton, Corby K. Martin, Dora Il’yasova, and Eric Ravussin. “Metabolic Slowing and Reduced Oxidative Damage with Sustained Caloric Restriction Support the Rate of Living and Oxidative Damage Theories of Aging.” Cell Metabolism 27, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 805-815.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.019.
"Findings from this 2-year CR trial in healthy, non-obese humans provide new evidence of persistent metabolic slowing accompanied by reduced oxidative stress, which supports the rate of living and oxidative damage theories of mammalian aging."