First one is result of study. Second one is hypothesis they formed prior - it is in chapter that essentially reviews existing literature and expresses hypothesis they had.
E.g. they expected victims to be more kind, but it turned out they are less kind.
Could be that they have become less kind, or were less kind victims now seeking some sort of vengeance by participating in a study. It seems to me like it would be extremely hard to determine anything about a victim after the fact.
E.g. they expected victims to be more kind, but it turned out they are less kind.