Argh, that link is cringeworthy. Amiga wasn't killed by piracy, but rather committed suicide thanks to atrocious commercial and stategic moves by Commodore's various owners. The DOS market had the same amount of piracy and none of the hardware manufacturers had any problem surviving.

The Amiga had emulators to run DOS and Mac software. Sort of the OS/2 effect where they ran DOS and 16 bit Windows apps so there was no need for native OS/2 apps.

Commodore had a nickle and dime marketing plan and made PC clones as well. The Commodore 65 was going to be the next 8 bit C64 type computer after the C128. But it never got out of prototype.

Mac and DOS/PC tech caught up to the Amiga around 1987-1992 and Amiga could not make a newer chipset in time to compete with them.

The Amiga was like the Mac but with true preemptive multitasking and 1/3rd the cost of a similar powered Mac. Amiga didn't earn a lot of money with the Amiga because they lowballed the price and Apple won because they highballed the price until Steve Jobs could come back to fix the company. Amiga had no Steve Jobs savior and went out of business because the DOS/PC cut into their sales too.

You are not wrong, but of what you mentioned only "nickle and dime" and "could not make a newer chipset" is very relevant. They never invested back their gains into Amiga R&D.

What they should have done:

kept Amiga extensible - kept the external bus when cost optimizing the A500 into the A600. (Instead the A600 was a crippled, slightly incompatible A500 that split the market and made it slightly less interesting to game developers.)

The chipset in A1200 and A4000 was too little, much too late. The A1200 was a case study in cheapskating and crippling an already anemic CPU. (It came with a disabled L1 cache. If it had only had 64 kilobytes of more RAM, they could have enabled the L1 cache.)

Should have partnered with SUN and made SunOS (Solaris-to-be) for high end Amigas, more powerful than what they ever produced. (They basically said "fuck you" to SUN.)

Etc etc.

It could also have helped to buy fewer business jets for the CEO, but I think that was more of a symptom of what was wrong. If they had done fewer completely idiotic moves, they could have afforded a few jets easily.

Right on the money. The platform became too expensive for the home market and too cheap for the pro market, with ridiculously low (and expensive) expandability. There were distribution and manufacturing issues, and they treated their R&D in such a shocking way that inevitably pipeline and products suffered badly. Managers were old-world two-bit sharks who treated the company like a cash machine. It was tragic and completely avoidable, and had absolutely nothing to do with piracy. If anything, piracy kept alive an ecosystem that had no business existing, there and now.

AmigaDOS was developed on SunOS Workstations that were modified.

I don't think the Zorro bus was as good as ISA or PCI and the A600 was like you said it was. The Amiga needed a networking adapter to work with networks and Apple Macs later had them as default or via a NuBus slot.

Plus most of the software for the Amiga was video games which limited the system to video games it needed more business software.

Zorro-2 was superior to ISA in pretty much all ways that count. It had auto configuration and just worked in general.

PCI is vastly superior to Zorro-3 though, in both features and performance. Z3 never achieved the performance given in the specs and had quite some problems. IIRC Dave Haynie said that he would have used PCI instead of developing Z3 if it had been out at the time.

There's no need to "think" about it. Even old 16-bit Zorro had DMA and plug-and-play, which actually worked. ISA was a shit-show and often 8-bit wide, too. All PCs at the time needed networking adapter for Ethernet and the Mac network was dog slow. (I won't go into the software side, I don't have time right now.)

I prefer to tell people amiga went out of business because they built the best computer in the world, and decided close down so everyone else could have a fair chance.

'they built the best computer in the world' yes, but then decided thats it we are done, and kept selling this one and the same computer for 9 years.

That's because PCs were at the heart of the business world. The Amiga was mostly a machine for entertainment and hobby use.

Due to this fact, piracy on the Amiga had a much larger impact on the platform than on the PC.

The final nail in the Amiga's coffin, of course, was the arrival of 3D: the Amiga couldn't play Doom (at that time), and so it quickly became the inferior gaming machine.

Most PCs couldn’t play Doom either, but they could be extended pretty cheaply with a better graphics card. That is what made the difference on the gaming side. The Amiga was kneecapped by mismanagement of its commercial side, including substantial opposition to third-party add-ons at a time when the PC side had standardized and unleashed the taiwanese.

In the pro market, Commodore didn’t even know how to play - they treated their machines like toys. Despite this, for a period, if you wanted to make music you bought Atari, if you wanted to do publishing you bought Apple, but if you wanted to do TV and FX you bought Amiga.

Piracy was really, really not a factor at all.

That first part isn't right. Doom was entirely CPU-bound software rendering, and 3d rendering cards didn't exist yet. You couldn't upgrade a 386 or 486 PC to play Doom better, short of replacing the entire motherboard with a new CPU platform.

What you're saying was fairly true by the time of QuakeGL and Quake 2 around 1997, but not Doom in 1993.

> You couldn't upgrade a 386 or 486 PC to play Doom better, short of replacing the entire motherboard with a new CPU platform.

Yes, you could; CPU+chipset (and, in some cases, + RAM, IIRC) processor upgrades which plugged into an expansion card (to power some of the support hardware) and the processor socket existed.

You could still add ram and better HDs, which would have helped. It was much more difficult and expensive to do that with the Amiga.

No amount of VGA, ram or HD upgrade would help with Doom. The difference between absolutely the worst 8bit ISA VGA cards (Realtek, RTG) and one of the fastest 16bit ones (ET4000) was 1-2fps on 386DX40, a whooping 10-30% of overall unplayable unless you are really stubborn <10fps performance.

The way you made Doom playable was swapping motherboard/cpu/ram/vga for a 40-66MHz 486/localbus ones at a cost of multiple A1200s, not exactly what one would call 'extended pretty cheaply'.