Burning was a common means of disposing of a prize https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize_(law) by naval forces, privateers, or pirates, when for whatever reason the victorious force decided manning the prize and sending it to a friendly port was not practical. Reasons could be some combination of 1) the victor already was short-crewed 2) the vessel was too damaged by a battle 3) the most valuable cargo had been transferred at sea to the victor 4) reaching a friendly port was not practical 5) the economic value of the prize did not justify sending to port.

So this could have been 1) from the war of 1812 2) US or British operations against Caribbean pirates in the 1820s 3) a slaver, captured by British or US naval forces anytime after the war of 1812 4) a Union vessel captured by Confederate forces or a blockade runner captured by Union forces during the Civil War.

In any event, I think all the relevant naval operations from this era are documented, but not perhaps well-collated. Pirates on the other hand were not well-known for documenting their operations. Some archival research may result in historic candidates for the vessel.

Or, could be the Antelope or something like that ref : Stan Rogers' Barret's Privateers, which there's some - slight - evidence it might have been based on a real ship.

as in a privateer that lost so badly it sunk, most hands lost and no one (because privateer) recorded much about it.

I don’t think 2109 or 9012 could be a year in any of the world’s calendar systems. So, were rudders factor-produced, with serial numbers, or does that number apply to the ship?

I somehow doubt this headline means that "A long-lost vessel from the 1800s was found by accident, when it became NOAA-tested equipment".