> Is there some sort of checksum for translations?

Obviously not, no translator would have a job!

You only get matching output if you get a matching input, that's a defining property of a checksum.

If you could get matching input, i.e. translated texts from different sources, that would mean that not only is translation a completely solved problem, but also that the source and target language were equivalently expressive and neither ambiguous, every word having a 1:1 mapping.

That is, they must be the same language, just at most differently different represented.

I mean it in the sense that you have the conglomerate at the centre of this storm who is forced into following government orders doing the translation.

Whose to say they couldn't give two different people varying translations into English based on the exact same article?

It would be an authoritarian governments wet dream.