Perhaps, but I suspect the main issue would remain: the same people would always have the same badges, just because that's how they worked or that's what their job entailed.
Think about stackoverflow badges. It's more about getting individual users engaged, less about comparing users with each other. It's about making filing bugs more fun, which should result in more testing being done by more people.
Your system might have worked better without the leaderboard, but with the badges?