Inside of a vehicle, not yet; production example, yes.
Back in the day, there was a kernel bug which prevented Solaris 10 installer from booting on systems with a Pentium III processor. The workaround was to boot the kernel with -k, let it crash and drop into kdb, then patch a certain kernel structure and drop out of the debugger, continuing execution. The same mechanism would work in a car or a Boeing 787, which I understand were actually running Solaris as the control & navigation system.
Unikernels on the other hand, do actually run on vehicles. There are a few embedded runtimes based on the same architecture.
They have debugging support to attach to graphical debugger, probes, JTAGs, and a few other vendor specific tools.
Of course someone trying to sell me Solaris/Illumnos, will have prejudice to anything else.