He invented the URL, which is the most important component of the web, since this is what makes cross-system hypertext possible. Hypercard was not networked and Gopher were not hypertext, and neither allowed you to link to external objects. The genius of the web was that it was not a closed system, but via URL's allowed links across information systems and protocols. This is probably why the web succeeded while all the other walled-garden systems failed.
Note that TBL never expected HTTP and HTML to replace all other protocols, they were just intended as a hypertext system which could connect to all the existing systems like Gopher, NNTP and so on, thereby increasing the usefulness of all the systems.
"conceived of the web in 1989 at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) as a way to allow scientists around the world to share information with each other on the internet. He introduced a naming scheme (URIs), a communications protocol (HTTP), and a language for creating webpages (HTML). His open-source approach to coding the first browser and server is often credited with helping catalyzing the web’s rapid growth"
So no, not hypertext, not SGML, not MIME: URI, HTML (an application of SGML) and HTTP.
HTML wasn't an application of SGML: its syntax was clearly influenced by SGML, but it wasn't actually SGML. It didn't become an SGML application until a few people convinced the working group to make it so for HTML 2.0 (there was no HTML 1.0 standard: the earlier drafts I'm aware of defined how to construct an SGML document from an HTML one and explicitly stated it was not expected an SGML parser would be used, which I'd take to imply that HTML was not an SGML application).
A two-minute review of his Wikipedia page would answer your question (or ad-hominem attack). If you looking for inventions, he designed and built the first web browser and the first web server[1].
If you're criticising him for building on top of what others did, no man is an island. He did improve on what was already there. Why not read the details for yourself?[2].
In Tim's words:
"I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the Transmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and—ta-da!—the World Wide Web."
The question raised be the GP is whether the amount of originality deserves a Turing Award, given the other things (TCP/IP is even missing from his list) that either make the WWW possible or are similar to it.
