It is by definition not spam, because you asked for it. You said "I want that PDF, here is my email, please send me that PDF (or newsletter or course or whatever)."
You are obviously fully within your right to unsubscribe later, including immediately after downloading said PDF, but it's not spam by any real definition.
There is no reason whatsoever to ask for an email other than to continue to email someone. Unless you're signing up for an account (which is a completely different flow), no reasonable person could honestly expect that they're just giving someone an email address so that they can get a PDF link and that that will be the end of it.
"Trade a copy for their email address and permission to send more things they will like."
I routinely delete emails about stuff I like, without ever reading it. It's still spam, and I don't want it in my inbox!