Catching signals is a great way of catching nasty bugs in production code. I use them to be able to log information on the cause of an error before the code exits due to some sort of catastrophic bug (e.g. null pointer deference, etc). This also allows you to clean up to clean up temp files, etc. They are much nicer to use than the Windows equivalent.
> They are much nicer to use than the Windows equivalent
Seriously? You find a system with global events where you must perform your own resource book-keeping to clean up the correct resources nicer than structured exception handling?
Yes as soon as you have to support both 32 and 64 builds in a multi-threaded program that is using the C run time library. This of course is just my opinion :)
> They are much nicer to use than the Windows equivalent.
Strongly disagree. It's hard to make different signals cooperate. Vectored exception handlers in Windows have built-in support for arbitrating between different users.
Linux (Unix) signals are per-process. What is hard about making signals cooperate? Are you referring to a signal generated while in a signal handler? raise() is supported on Windows, but kill() isn't (directly, signals don't seem to be well supported as an IPC mechanism on Windows -- although there appear to be kill() style mechanisms).
Library A wants to handle SIGSEGV for memory mapping X. Library B wants to handle SIGSEGV for memory mapping Y. Which of them calls sigaction? What if both do? What if then unload one of the libraries?
Windows handles this interaction sanely. Sigaction does not.
It's actually alarmingly common for Windows C/C++ apps to paper over crashes with SEH try { } catch (segfault) { /* seems to work */ } this way. Even Microsoft's own apps used to do it, maybe they still do. You run into this when running random apps under a debugger.
sigaction() returns the old action. This permits chaining of the actions. Specifically for SIGSEGV, if Library B does not want the signal, it can invoke Library A (without caring what it is). Similarily, A can invoke B. "Unloading" cannot be done, unless you are aware of the load order. This is a general issue -- dlclose() is reference counted, and you wouldn't know if it actually unloaded the library.
> Unloading" cannot be done, unless you are aware of the load order. This is a general issue -- dlclose() is reference counted, and you wouldn't know if it actually unloaded the library.
Yup. Which is exactly why Windows is more sane: No chaining, "unloading" (i.e. unsubscribing) can be done robustly. In the absence of a mechanism like SEH on Linux, signals are (mis)used. Signals are a crude, unstructured way of handling internal termination.
Much of the IPC stuff Linux has to do with signals is done with window messages on Windows, which is usually nicer as you get to handle it in a defined state rather than, say, in the middle of a syscall.
Signals are not generally used for IPC on Linux. Also you can handle them orderly along with other fd events using the standard & portable self-pipe pattern or Linux-specific signalfd.
