Note that the modern vaccine covers 9 different strains.

Right. And a few years ago my doctor's office had orders for both the the quadvalent vaccine and the nonavalent vaccine in the system and almost ordered only the quad for me.

Definitely ensure you're requesting the 9 strain version.

As long as you're not distributing, it's legal in Switzerland to download copyrighted material. (Switzerland was on the naughty US/MPAA list for a while, might still be)

Is it distribution though if someone trains a model in switzerland through downloading copyrighted material, training AI on it and then distributing it...

Or what if not even distributing it but rather distributing the outputs of the LLM (so closed source LLM like anthropic)

I am genuinely curious as to if there is some gray area that might be exploited by AI companies as I am pretty sure that they don't want to pay 1.5B dollars yet still want to exploit the works of authors. (let's call a spade a spade)

Using copyrighted material to train AI is a legal grey zone. The nyt vs openAI case is litigating this. The anthropic settlement here is about how the material is obtained. If openAI wins their case and switzerland rules the same way I dont think there would be a problem

This might go down (I think) to be one of the most influential court cases to happen then.

We really are getting at some metaphysical / philosophical questions and maybe we will one day arrive at a question that just can't be answered (I think this is pretty close, right?) and then AI companies would do things freely without being accountable since sure you could take to the courts but how would you come to the decision...?

Another question though

So lets say that the nyt vs openAI case is going on, so in the meantime while they are litigating (lets say), could OpenAI still continue doing the same thing while the case is going on?

And looking at historical emissions, US contributed 25% of all emissions vs China 15%.

> How much of it is their own waste? How much was produced for Western consumers and then off-loaded onto them?

From following ocean cleanup project, for plastic ending up in the ocean it's usually own waste. The issue is countries that don't have working waste collection systems, any rainpour will often wash out the trash into river/oceans.

(littering is also an issue in countries with waste management though, but to a smaller degree, I kinda hate when people don't realize that stuff they throw in the street will often end up in rain collectors and directly flow into rivers)

Thanks for the reply! I was able to find the source you mentioned. Is there room in the conversation to talk about how much of their "own use" plastic is sold to them by Western companies who control the local markets?

> In my country it is almost 100%.

Do you have a link? I think OP meant actual recycling, not waste collection.

I don't think 100% plastic recycling is close to achievable at the moment (even if recycled, it's often downcycled).

I think one key point why things are this way for CH, is that they decided to move to Takt scheduling (clock face scheduling) in the 70s. Integrated country-wide scheduling, makes doing those long term planning much easier.

(e.g. you know there's no point making some connection faster, because the lines still have to sync at 15m/30m/1h points. So you can focus on the places where you can go from a trip taking 40m to one taking 30m, because those are the one that will have a massive impact.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling

(iirc that video covered it too: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y9hGofgy9c )

> Switzerland's public transport is nearly perfect; it can take you anywhere, fast

While I love swiss public transport, I wouldn't qualify it as fast. It's dense/frequent/reliable, but not so fast. If the core lines (e.g. St Gallen-Geneva and Basel-Lugano) where running >200km/h that would be fast.

One reason is that making those fast has a much bigger benefit for cross border travel (non swiss), while a lot of the investments are done to benefit e.g. commuters, but with the enshrined road Gotthard traffic limitation I think we'll need to make Alp crossing more attractive for cross border travels at some point (and hopefully do the same for the mittelland line, zurich to geneva in sub-2h should definitely be possible)

That seems to be the sentiment from decision makers from what I've seen.

Neither will decision makers

Sure. Unfortunately for those of who like getting paid, decision makers' opinions are what determine who gets hired.

Doesn't this system have more privacy constraints? E.g. the website you're visiting shouldn't be able to learn anything about your identity beyond the attribute (above 18), and the identity provider shouldn't know anything about which website you're visiting.

It does seem like people tried very hard to make it privacy preserving.

Wouldn't that potentially leak data to the IDP?

All it would leak is that an age verification request happened. The RP would request you/your browser to forward the request "hi can you pls verify if user with nonce 123456 is 18?" to your IDP of choice.

And then the IDP gives you "yes the user with nonce 123456 is 18" signed with its private key, which you forward to the RP.

The only data "leaked" would be which IDP you used to the RP, and that there was an 18+ verification request to the IDP. The IDP wouldn't need to know which RP they're signing the proof for.

This does allow proxying the requests, but honestly, how locked down does this need to be? It's far easier to just snatch your parent's drivers license or passport at that point.