Plenty of chip design done in the US

Why is Intel more American than AMD?

American CEO instead of Taiwanese American

Consider that most people born outside of the USA are not eligible for military clearances despite being US Citizens

In this respect, the DoD would likely prefer the most “American” company possible, I.e with buy America provisions.

Mostly marketing/branding, but also that AMD is using TSMC of course.

If you asked someone not in tech "which one is american" out of AMD and Intel, they would say Intel; despite the "A" in AMD literally standing for "American"...

How do all these people immigrate to the US? Is it all family-based? I work in technological field with many more opportunities in the US and have researched how to move there but it seems almost impossible. I know an American who applied for jobs in my country, got an offer and was over within a few months but that doesn't work the other way round.

You fly over and overstay your visa (indefinitely.) Neglecting any discussion of the legal ramifications, that is largely how it happens.

And then you have no legal standing, so you get paid far below market depressing everyone's wages, and in any dispute you get deported. The best thing for workers would be for there to be no such thing as an "illegal alien" - but xenophobia/racism wins instead.

Yes, it's mostly family-based. If you look at the distribution of the categories of the issued green cards, ~2/3 are through family. Employment based green cards are less than 15%.

China is the largest market for chips by a pretty big margin

There are 3 dialects of Irish and a lot of names are pronounced quite differently depending on which dialect you are using. Sometimes one particular variant has caught on across the island and in other cases there are multiple variants in use. https://www.abair.ie/ga gives you an accurate pronunciation of any Irish word in all 3 dialects

Basically all the big semiconductor companies do R&D in Israel

Yes, but it's all relative. A giant new development is different than a branch office. Though in all cases there is no doubt overlap with their military industrial complex. But I don't think we will normally see such religious extremism tied to projects, and that should be called out, loudly and clearly, as not ok.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Social_Mobility_Index Not according to this study

You would need several billion to build a fab, a few hundred million might get you a 5nm chip or two

Formal verification is actually heavily used in the semiconductor industry these days

Any particular reason they decided to write the RTL from scratch?

It's always a trade-off. On one hand you have an existing known good design with known properties on the other hand adapting the design to your new micro-architecture can be painful and starting from scratch allows you to build a better design in less time. In this case it was a sufficiently radical overhaul of the micro-architecture than the start from scratch approach was preferable.