When I was learning Galois Theory, I found Keith Conrad's notes really helpful for understanding the details -- http://www.math.uconn.edu/~kconrad/blurbs/. The subject of this post is mostly covered by the paper titled "Galois correspondence" (For anyone whose interests were piqued by this post.)
var foo = Object();
foo.blah = function(x,y) { ... };
But in python, that doesn't quite work. You can only do
foo = object()
foo.blah = lambda x,y: ...
lambdas are a bit more limited as they are restricted to one line, and you can't have print statements, which makes complicated expressions rather ugly.
edit: ah, as someone noted, the second code snippet should be something like foo = Foo() where
That's not quite right. While you're correct that lambda statements are restricted, I have never actually seen a lambda expression used to extend an object. Instead, you use a named function, which has none of these restrictions:
In [27]: class Foo(object):
....: pass
....:
In [28]: def hello(self):
....: print self
....:
In [29]: blah = Foo()
In [30]: blah.hello = hello.__get__(blah, Foo)
In [31]: blah.hello()
<__main__.Foo object at 0x10397f650>
Successful man fails 10th grade standardized test, concludes that success is not correlated with being able to do math.
Aside from the obvious logical/statistical falacy of making an overreaching conclusion from a sample size of one, and various other illogical claims("if this guy doesn't need math, why does anyone??") this article assumes that the purpose of education is developing vocational skills.
Why should that be? Kids should learn to appreciate the world, get exposure to different things. There's no reason to make them hunker down at age 5 and start preparing for their future careers. If they don't like math, that's fine. Likewise for history, science, whatever. But it's a shame for anyone to miss out on the beauty inherent in all of these subjects.
An admirable attempt, but -- the formatting and the grammar are distracting detractors from the content.
For anyone who is serious about learning abstract algebra but lacking mathematical background (i.e. an analysis course under the belt), consider the book "Abstract Algebra" by Dummit and Foote. It's at the undergraduate level (so it goes through the motions of rigor that research math texts often omit), and well presented. A more advanced, terse and elegant, text would be Hershtein's Topics in Algebra.
So ads are less annoying now than they were a couple of years ago...
Is it perhaps because they've adapted to the increasingly common practice of adblocker(and browsers which prohibit unprompted javascript popups)? Let's not forget that adblocker is a great thing, if only because it incentivized a move towards less obtrusive ads.
Another thing: ads may be less visibily intrusive but things like tracking cookies are still widely (100%?) used. So if privacy is any sort of a concern, an adblocker is probably still a good thing to have.
A liberal arts education teaches you many useful things: grammar, for example.
Read his opening paragraph again.
"As usual I get a ton of mail on subjects that are controversial, and one of the more painful ones was the fact that the Dropping out is probably not for you post gave people the impression that I'm against studying the arts, literature or any other non hard science."
Awkward, no? That's because it's a run on sentence.
The things that a liberal arts education teaches you are not always obvious. Of course you can read Plato or Homer or Augustine by yourself, but unless you're in a collegiate environment, it's very very easy to be lazy.
How many times have you picked up a book, skimmed through it, and never opened it up again? How many times have you actually read a book, and then for some weird reason, forgotten all of its contents very soon after? Formal schooling forces you to reengage with texts again and again. Formal schooling forces you to be critical of yourself and your own work before someone else has a crack at it. All of these things can be accomplished by a very motivated and disciplined individual. But how many of us are actually that motivated and that disciplined?
Awkward, no? That's because it's a run on sentence.
Awkward, perhaps, especially when cut-and-paste de-highlights the link around "Dropping out is probably not for you".
But it wasn't a run-on sentence, jacquesm properly connected the independent clauses with a conjunction instead of just smooshing them together.
As opposed to the sentence that I just wrote, which did not, and actually constitutes a run-on sentence (though some purists might object to lumping comma-splices together with run-on sentences).
If you're going to insinuate that someone's education is lacking based on their grammar, please make sure to actually point out a grammatical mistake.
Or better yet, let's leave the grammar policing aside, it doesn't add much to the discussion given that jacquesm writes plenty good English for blog-format prose...
In fairness, it was awkward, and there are quite a few comma splices and other grammatical errors in Jacques's post (e.g., the second paragraph). I actually found this a little distracting myself. That said, I agree that grammar policing is kind of a low blow.
I'm happy to accept the low blows, being a non-native English speaker/writer anything that will help me to improve is more than welcome.
Of course it would be nice if such comments were accompanied by suggested fixes and/or constructive criticism of the content. But you can't have everything ;)
If English is not your first language, then you're obviously doing quite well. As a fairly typical American, I can only speak English, and I have much respect for anyone that's bilingual. (Incidentally, most of the bilingual Americans I know have liberal arts degrees.)
Here's my feedback, though: I thought your post read as if it had been written hastily. There were some mistakes that seemed careless, like not capitalizing Wikipedia or omitting hypens and dashes in constructs like non-hard science and pro-education. Additionally, there were some issues with sentence structure, especially comma splices, which bermanoid referred to above. For example, the second paragraph:
I guess it was to be expected the way I phrased things there so let me take a moment to correct this perception, the offending lines are right at the start in:
The comma there isn't valid, as it splits two independent clauses without a conjunction. I'd use a period instead, but I'd also rephrase slightly:
I guess it was to be expected with the way I phrased things, so let me take a moment to correct this perception. The offending lines are right at the start:
I'll take one last example:
You can study those subjects to your hearts content and there are lots of places online where you can discuss them until the cows come home.
First, hearts vs. heart's seems like another hasty oversight. This sentence, though, is a different type of run-on. Technically, if you put a comma before and, you're safe, but without it, us grammar nerds call it a fused sentence. This is a pretty serious nitpick, and this is very common among native speakers as well, but two of these in a row caught my eye.
> I thought your post read as if it had been written hastily.
It was written while being disturbed about 30 times by a very active toddler :)
I'll take your points to heart and fix the post tomorrow morning, it's getting late here.
I'd have missed the 'heart's'.
What bugs me about all this is that many years ago I came to terms with working with people from many different backgrounds. Immigrants from all over the globe, in a single company that I ran in Toronto. We learned to look past the mistakes in grammar or pronunciation to the essence of what someone was trying to pass on.
Of course it helps if all written communication is perfect and if everybody would speak perfect English. The fact of the matter however is that language is a vehicle for expressing ideas and thoughts, and to pass those thoughts from one head to another, mostly intact.
Here on HN there is a tendency to ignore the message but to focus on the delivery. This is just a subtle way of attacking the person rather than the subject matter and I always wonder how we would have fared in that office if every mis-spelled word or wrongly pronounced word would have been pounced upon like that.
I think I'm doing ok in English, not perfect but it will do for most everyday conversation. A while ago there was a vocabulary test that floated around here and it tested the most uncommon words to get an idea of how big your vocabulary is.
Such tests miss the point entirely, as does the nitpicking about grammar and spelling. What matters is the idea behind the message and those that manage to look past the errors will sometimes find that that dyslexic or first generation immigrant over in the third cubicle has a very valid point, poorly expressed.
We'd do well to remember that and to always try to digest the message rather than the wrapper that it came in.
So, I really will take your advice , and I hope that it will stick (it's hard to teach old dogs new tricks). Over the last couple of years I think my writing has gotten a little bit better but it is very hard for me to measure my progress due to a serious lack of objectivity.
My apologies if I came across as making some sort of ad hominem attack here based on the grammar in your post. Let me re-iterate: for a non-native speaker, your English is very impressive. Sure, there were a few awkward phrasings and some grammatical errors in your post, but I think I'm much more sensitive to these things than most people are, and it in no way affected my ability to understand the message you were trying to convey. I just so happened to respond to the grammatical tangent in the comments here. :)
Honestly, the intent of my original comment was specifically to legitimize the non-grammar-related part of grot's comment. Looking back, I failed miserably at that, and the conversation centered even more on grammar. I distinctly remember having written something else that I apparently deleted before commenting. Let me go back and make a comment that's actually valuable.
> Of course you can read Plato or Homer or Augustine by yourself, but unless you're in a collegiate environment, it's very very easy to be lazy.
Personally, I can strongly relate to this. I'm very interested in literature, for example, but I'm not very well read. There are plenty of libraries around me and plenty of resources available on the internet to help me self-study, but I just don't do it. I can self-study node.js just fine, but I need some coercion to get into Shakespeare. This is something a formal education in liberal arts can provide. Whether or not it's affordable depends on a variety of factors, so it's hard to make a sweeping statement in support of or in opposition to such a degree. But I think people are very prone to looking at educational choices as business decisions, where a negative ROI is obviously bad. I think this is a limited perspective, but unfortunately, it's a reality a lot of people have to deal with.
Let's not forget that you could major in STEM and take plenty of liberal arts courses. For example, I was an engineering major and still took English I and English II, as well as Japan Before 1600, History of the Labor Movement, African History and some others. Let's not turn this discussion into comparing multiple false choices to each other.
Agreed. The options are not mutually exclusive. I also was an engineering major and picked up two minors outside my field specifically in the social sciences.
I wonder how common the reverse is? As in [choose: English, Art, History, etc] majors taking Calculus or Physics..
To properly answer the question "is brogrammer a sexist term", I think it's important to distinguish -- for a moment -- what a sexist term might be.
1. Is a term sexist when the speaker intends to be sexist?
2. Or is the term sexist when others interpret to be?
3. Or is a term sexist in some other more subtle way?
Some answers:
1. No idea
2. This varies. I know people here are saying brogrammer is an internet meme, but I've met plenty of start-up people that seem to enjoy various components of the meme -- polo shirts, bad sunglasses, incoherent misogyny.
3. This one is hard, and there are several conflicting possibilities.
a) Usage of the word "brogrammer" (whether in jest, or not) could be good (for gender relations), if it is successfully used ironically, or if it somehow signifies the irrelevance of gender.
I don't think either of these are true. Popping your collar is not irony. It might be a good halloween gimmick, but it's not irony.
And as for brogramming signifying a post-gender binary world, uh, no, come on?
b) The alternative is what I believe to be true, posts like this, regardless of intent reveal a serious cultural insensitivity. Whoever wrote it doesn't care if they offend you. They don't care if it sounds sexist, and they probably don't care if they _are_ sexist.
This is very antisocial behavior, and it deserves disapprobation just for that.
This is a pretty well known problem. (First problem the professor in my undergrad algorithms class ever gave to us)
SPOILER
p = probability of heads
1 - p = probability of tails.
flip the coin twice:
head head = p^2
head tail/tail head = 2p(1-p)
tail tail = (1 - p)^2
Notice the two in the middle there. We can just say head tail = Heads and Tail Heads = Tails. If we get HH or PP, just do it again.
Ok, now call the above procedure, our "randomization algorithm"
we can calculate the expected running time -- our algorithm succeeds with probability 2p(1-p). The number of trials we need to run our algorithm for is a geometric random variable. Thus, the expected running time is 1/(2p(1-p)).
thanks for writing this. the formula used in the webpage, (HH+TT+HT)/TH, appears to be off by one. i calculated it myself from the series, i.e. sum(n=0 to inf, 2(n+1)2pq(p^2+q^2)^n), and through the algebra i work it out to the same as yours (doubled).
i'm not sure how the author's formula was derived, but i get the same result calculating the series for a slightly different (but wrong) algorithm: just keep flipping until HT or TH appears (not flipping by pairs). this series is sum(n=1 to inf, (n+1)(qp^n + pq^n)), i.e. sum(n=0 to inf, (n+1)(qp^n + pq^n)) - (p+q). the series works out to 1/(p(1-p)), but that last term would account for the one-off difference.
Good point. I am going off of the original algo by von Neumann, which throws away both flips if you get HH or TT. There are many others, and I don't see any reason against your optimization, if the flips are truly independent.
yeah, indeed -- but i think the optimization is actually broken. if you are just waiting for an HT or a TH in a sequence of flips, then you will just wind up with H..HT or T..TH, so that the very first flip decides the outcome. this is how i first (much too hastily) read the algorithm, but, somewhat surprisingly, found that the expectation matched exactly.
The tone there is much more neutral, because Michael Clear in fact qualifies his statement.
quote from the new yorker article -----------------------
Clear responded that his work for Allied Irish Banks was brief and of "no importance". He admitted that he was a good programmer, understood cryptography, and appreciated the bitcoin design. But, he said, economics had never been a particular interest of his. "I am not Satoshi," Clear said. "But even if I was I wouldn't tell you."
The point, Cler continued, is that Nakamoto's identity shouldn't matter. The system was built so we don't have to trust an individual, a company, or a government. Anybody can review the code, and the network isn't controlled by any one entity. That's what inspires confidence in the system. Bitcoin, in other words, survives because of what you can see and what you can't. Users are hidden, but transactions are exposed. The code is visible to all, but its origins are mysterious. The currency is both real and elusive -- just like its founder.
"You can't kill it," Clear said, with a touch of bravado. "Bitcoin would survive a nuclear attack."
This is a gross misreading of Nietzsche's conception of the ubermensch. The ubermensch is someone who doesn't _need_ scruples. He operates beyond conventional morality because the sharpness of his judgement and the greatness of his philosophical insights far exceeds the value of the slave morality embodied by everyday law, and morals.
But from the perspective of normal people, or "slaves" as Nietzsche would call us, he's just an overachieving asshole with no moral scruples.
Going to Harvard doesn't make you uber anyway, it just makes you "best slave". A real ubermensch would likely see that it's not in her interest to spend 100% of her time pleasing others.
Nietzsche isn't calling you a slave. He's saying that your morality is a slave morality. Meaning your moral system was invented by people who were, in fact, at the time, slaves.
How anyone feels about that is up to them. He mostly just wanted to point it out.
>he's just an overachieving asshole with no moral scruples.
real unbermensch would have so little interests to and so little in common with the normal people what you'd be happy if s/he would spent a second of his time on the interacting with normal people (even being asshole toward them)
The speciation inside the human species continues. We've had several successive species of humans so far and there is no reason for the process to stop. Human evolution has been speeding up, and i hope to see signs of new humans in my lifetime (statistically i have about 40 years left). Ivy Leaguers mating to Ivy Leaguers only is a one way to go, though i'd bet more on the changes coming from human-machine integration and biomedical advancements as brain related changes seems to be the primary driver of human evolution.
Eugenicists are out of date. The reason successful people have successful kids is due to enriched environments and increased opportunity.
The field of psychology can't even agree on a definition of intelligence anymore, and certainly IQ is not genetically determined. The environment is the biggest influence on IQ.
Harvard kids fucking Harvard kids doesn't create genetic supermen. It just creates an inbred aristocracy like has always been the case. Hemophilia is the true achievement of eugenics.
The wise know, and always have known, that it is education and drive that makes a person. Genes play little role in success.
>The field of psychology can't even agree on a definition of intelligence anymore, and certainly IQ is not genetically determined. The environment is the biggest influence on IQ.
The fallacy of nurture vs. nature as if one can be a substitute for another. Their respective roles are well known and each of them is a factor and not any of them is "the biggest influence" vs. the other. And about importance of the biological factors - i'd recommend reading on Einstein's brain, which was smaller, yet more densely packed and with higher ratio of energy supplying cells.
>Harvard kids fucking Harvard kids doesn't create genetic supermen. It just creates an inbred aristocracy like has always been the case. Hemophilia is the true achievement of eugenics.
Drive moreso than education. My Grandfather has a 5th grade education, worked the trades his entire life, repaired heavy equipment in his spare time, raised seven (7!!!) children and his net worth is somewhere in the millions. Drive.
any argument about ubermensch is a fiction until we get to meet one. Without facts, a fiction/theory/speculation can be judged only on how logical it is and on the quality of underlying assumptions. The one i referred to does very well describing the alternative speciation scenario inside the human species when new species doesn't cause extinction of the old human species (the extinction has been a typical scenario so far)
only future will tell what was the most optimized way to predict it. You seem to dislike references to sci-fi in discussing the future, yet you link to the sci-fi yourself, and not just sci-fi, you link to the high brow discussion (i.e. specifically optimized for non-interesting story-telling) of how sci-fi may be predicting future incorrectly - without acknowledging that such a discussion in itself implies some modeling process of future (to compare other models against) and thus sci-fi in nature. At first i thought this link was some parody/joke :)