IIRC they used the write-combining buffer, which was also a cache.
A common trick is to cache it but put it directly in the last or second-to-last bin in your pseudo-LRU order, so it's in cache like normal but gets evicted quickly when you need to cache a new line in the same set. Other solutions can lead to complicated situations when the user was wrong and the line gets immediately reused by normal instructions, this way it's just in cache like normal and gets promoted to least recently used if you do that.
The reluctance to use more pins is very understandable.
At the time, Intel was primarily a memory manufacturer, and they had vertically integrated the complete workflow for anything that could fit into a 16-pin DIP. Anything that didn't, required them to outsource testing and packaging, or purchase expensive new machines. When CPUs were still being pushed against the wishes of upper management ("A computer has only one CPU but lots of memory chips, so the memory is a better business"), it was a hard sell to invest lots of money for an uncertain market.
Apple M chips are slower on the computation that AMD chips, but they have soldered on-package fast ram with a wide memory interface, which is very useful on workloads that handle lots of data.
Strix halo has a 256-bit LPDDR5X interface, twice as wide as the typical desktop chip, roughly equal to the M4 Pro and half of that of the M4 Max.
Even this is a simplification. The color space you see is three-dimensional, because that is the physical reality of how your eyes work. Any representation of the color space in two dimensions involves choosing a projection that distorts reality.
Sort of. Your photoreceptors are sensitive to overlapping frequencies, which means they’re not linearly independent and therefore cannot form the basis vectors of a 3D space.
CIE XYZ accounts for this by projecting SML excitations down to a 2D plane (XY) and making the third dimension a color-independent luminosity (Z). Since it’s luminosity-independent, the 2D slice is directly analogous to the color wheel.
I'm not sure that it necessarily follows from the overlap they are not linearly independent. As far as I can tell that alone would simply make them non-orthogonal basis vectors.
The issue is more that there isn't really any frequency that only stimulates the M cones. There are some that more or less only stimulate the L cones, but as we get bluer, the stimulation curves of the M and L cones mostly converge, so we can't really get fully independent M cone stimulation (at least not without tricks like locating specific cones and using lasers to stimulate just the M ones, while missing the L ones.) This does indeed make them not linearly independent, so your overall point still stands.
Jupiter is a gas giant. It's near the threshold where adding more mass to it makes it smaller, not larger, as the added gravitational pull would make it denser.
But what would make it larger is if it was warmer. The radius of a planet like jupiter scales to the 1.6th power of it's temperature. Jupiter is actually slowly shrinking in size as the primordial heat of its formation is radiated away.
> how do you ensure that the people 400 years from now would know what they are for or how to implant them?
A ship travelling at 0.01c for 400 years could get 4 ly away. They'd still be able to be coached. More likely: their computers would still be able to be updated.
Of course there is this thing is that while they were coasting faster technology was developed and another ship arrived way before them, with better computers, engines, everything.
So far the only known technology to bring embryos to life is through alive female host, so you still need healthy, and on top of that, willing population to use embryos.
I would not mind 3, so long as it's just the LLM processing the website inside its context window, and no information from the website ends up in the weights of the model.
A country was last bombed in an attempt to enforce the NPT less than two months ago.
And of the conditions you listed, you missed the big one. The big, powerful countries must directly benefit, they have never signed up to a treaty where they don't.
The c++ notation for functions (and types in general) is horrible, and makes parsing much more expensive than it needs to be. Fixing it is step one if you are making a modern language.
A common trick is to cache it but put it directly in the last or second-to-last bin in your pseudo-LRU order, so it's in cache like normal but gets evicted quickly when you need to cache a new line in the same set. Other solutions can lead to complicated situations when the user was wrong and the line gets immediately reused by normal instructions, this way it's just in cache like normal and gets promoted to least recently used if you do that.
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